Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) is one of the most widely used circuit and device test in modern electronics. It is used in the fault detection of printed circuit board in electronics and electrical equipment and are relatively swift and faster compared to manual test methodology. It performs test on a device, known as the Device under Test (DUT) or Unit under Test (UUT), using automation to quickly perform measurements and evaluate the test results and thus ensuring quality of device. Automatic test equipment has a significant role in reducing cost of manufacturing and assisting in eliminating defective devices from market.

Automated test equipment diagnoses and tests for faults in chips, integrated circuits, printed circuit boards, semiconductor wafers, and other electronic parts. Semiconductor ATE finds extensive application in system-on-chip products within the consumer electronics, including tablets, smartphones and laptops. ATE has applications in the avionics and various electronic components of automobiles. It is widely use in testing of wireless communication devices such as radar, CDMA and GSM module.

The increasing application of electronics in the automotive industry coupled with the rapid commercialization of internet services in the developing countries of Asia Pacific such as India, China and South Korea is providing new growth opportunity for the automated test equipment market. Whereas, high price linked to tester and testing parts, and lesser margin due to high level of competition amongst automated test equipment manufacturers are some of the major challenges for the automated test equipment market.

North America is the largest market of automated test equipment system. It is followed by Asia-Pacific and Europe. Asia-Pacific automated test equipment system market is growing at highest rate attributed to high concentration of the semiconductor and electronics manufacturing industries in developing countries such as China, India and Taiwan. The U.S. is the largest regional market of automated test equipment in North America. Germany, Italy and U.K are some of the major automated test equipment market of Europe. And Taiwan, China, India, Japan and South Korea are some of the dominant regional market of automated test equipment of Asia Pacific region.
The automated test equipment market is driven by number of factors. Reduced manufacturing time with the help of automated test equipment, escalating throughput, and growing appliances of consumer electronics are some of the predominant driver of the market. The increasing demand of consumer electronics goods, including laptops, tablets, smartphones, and others, have resulted in higher demand of ATE.

According to Global Energy Statistical Handbook (2018), there has been an increase in worldwide energy production and consumption during 2009–2017. The developing countries like India, China, and Indonesia have contributed to much of it. There has been research and development in this area that is taking the power transformers market forward. In 2018, ABB launched ABB Ability Power Transformer, the first digitally integrated power transformer. This equipment features with a digitally enabled interface and would be able to leverage a portfolio of smart devices on modular platform.

A power transformer is a device which is used to transfer electrical energy in an electrical or electronic circuit between generator and primary distribution circuits. This transformer is used in distribution system to accommodate the changes in step-up and step-down voltages. The power transformers market is segmented on the basis of cooling type, power rating, end user, and geography.
The power transformers market is bifurcated on the basis of cooling type into oil-cooled and air-cooled. The oil-cooled power transformers occupy larger share in the market as compared to the air-cooled transformers as their usage is considered safe in high voltage conditions. Since the global voltage transmission network is growing at a rapid pace, the demand for oil-cooled transformers is also likely to grow during the forecast period.

The power transformers market is categorized on the basis of power rating into small (up to 60 MVA), medium (61–600 MVA), large (above 600 MVA). In 2018, the small power rating transformers held a significant market share, mainly due to its wide application base in various small industries and also its ability to be customized according to customers’ requirements.

The power transformers market is classified by end user into industrial, residential, and commercial. Traditionally, industrial and commercial end users togetherly accounted for major share in the market. The industrial category includes adoption of these transformers in captive power plants and for power generation in manufacturing industries, whereas large-scale commercial establishments also employ these transformers for in-house power requirements.

LNG bunkering is the practice of providing LNG fuel to ships for their consumption. Many laws by international organizations and governments are focusing on encouraging the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel, which, in turn, is supporting the growth of the LNG bunkering market, globally.
Growing adoption of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a bunker fuel and technological advancements in ship-to-ship LNG bunkering are the key trends witnessed in the LNG bunkering market.

In the report, the LNG bunkering market is segmented on the basis of end user and region. Based on end user, the market is classified into tanker fleet; container fleet; bulk and general cargo fleet; and ferries and offshore support vehicles.

Based on region, the market is categorized into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Historically, Europe accounted for a significant share in the global LNG bunkering market. This can be attributed to the early adoption of LNG as a marine fuel and the presence of emission control areas (ECAs) in the region.

In addition, European countries are framing stringent environmental regulations for reducing air pollution, which, in turn, is expected to encourage the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel in the region. North America is also a prominent market for LNG bunkering. The LNG bunkering market in the region is primarily driven by the upsurge in shale gas exploration and stringent environmental regulations implemented by the government.

Benefits of using LNG as a marine fuel, global concerns over increasing air pollution, and stringent regulations on gas emissions are expected to drive the growth of the LNG bunkering market in the coming years.

The growing public support toward ECAs and introduction of global regulations for these areas are expected to encourage the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel, thereby generating ample growth opportunities for the players operating in the LNG bunkering market.

ECAs are the sea areas where stringent regulations are established to control airborne emissions of sulfur from the marine modes of transportation. From May 2005 to June 2010, the sulfur emission limit was 15,000 ppm in ECAs, which was reduced to 10,000 ppm during July 2010–December 2014. The limit was further reduced to 1,000 ppm in January 2015, which can be viewed as a propellent for the growth of the LNG bunkering market.

Insights on market segments

The German automotive digital services market is segmented on the basis of type into mobility on demand, logistic fleet management, in-vehicle digital services, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), and IoT. Logistic fleet management is estimated to be logistic the fastest growing service type during the forecast period. This is because of the increasing fleet size, growing need to monitor the driver behavior, and rising demand for theft-tracking devices.

Among dashboard infotainment services, navigation is estimated to account for the largest share in the industry in 2017. During the forecast period, navigation services are expected to witness the highest growth, mainly driven by the increasing customer demand for real time traffic updates and location finder features, such as global positioning system (GPS) and road direction guidance. Increasing convenience and customization, in addition to easy access to value-added information, such as that on vehicle diagnostics, fuel, traffic, and weather, will continue to drive the German automotive digital services market during the forecast period.

• Mobility on demand
• Ride hailing and sharing
• Car sharing
• Logistic fleet management
• In-vehicle digital services
• Dashboard infotainment
• Entertainment
• Navigation
• Call
• Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS)
• Internet of things (IoT)
• E-Call/B-Call Services
• Usage based Insurance Services
• V2X Services
• Value
• Number of Users
• Frequency of Usage
• Time of Usage

BEVs are expected to have a larger share than PHEVs during the forecasted period, as government subsidies and schemes continue to favor BEVs over PHEVs, as they are eco-friendlier. For instance, in France, electric cars emitting up to 20 g CO2/km (mostly BEVs) receive more tax exemptions than electric cars with 21 g to 60 g CO2/km (mostly PHEVs). Similarly, in the U.S., the Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) credit for BEVs is more than that for PHEVs, which is encouraging the car companies in the region to sell more BEVs than PHEVs. If the incentives on PHEVs will be few or phased out, sales will be affected. For instance, in the Netherlands, tax incentives were removed for PHEVs in 2016, which led to a decline in their sales in the country.


The global EV market was highly fragmented in 2016, with top three players accounting for less than 50% of the total sales. BYD stood as the market leader in 2016 because of its market dominance in China and popularity of its Tang and Qin electric cars. BYD was closely followed by the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance because of the growing popularity of the Nissan Leaf and the Mitsubishi Outlander. Tesla accounted for more than 10% of the global EV sales in 2016, benefited by the demand for its Model S and Model X. Other important players in the market included BMW, General Motors, and local Chinese companies, such as BAIC.

On any given day, majority of the population around the world is quite proactively attired with blue jeans, jackets, and with other forms of dress made out of denim. Due to the ubiquitous existence of denim products, it could be insinuated with certitude that denim is a global phenomenon. This transition to a global entity occurred within a span of a decade during the early to middle 20^th century. The dungaree represented the trials and tribulations of humans, consequently obscuring the lines of boundaries of all kinds (class, culture, gender, generation, or religion). Later the trials of Great Depression, which resulted in circumstances and events that encouraged the general public to assign blue jeans as stylistic and emblematic of versatility, which further fuelled the grow of the denim market.

Fast-forwarding to the present day, the global denim market is being primarily driven by a noteworthy shift in Asian retail clothing industry, an ever-expanding e-commerce sector, and rapid organization of the retail sector. Based on the type of products made of denim, the market is categorized into dresses, jackets and shirts, jeans, and others (tops and shorts). Out of the aforesaid categories, jeans viz. cropped, distressed, and rugged jeans occupied the maximum share of the denim market. Before all foregoing, the traditional blue jeans still at the acme of the denim market and are still being embraced across the world irrespective of the age.

From a regional perspective, the APAC denim market is expected to experience the fastest growth during the forecast period. This development is credited to the increasing availability of disposable income, expansion of working-class people, abundance of raw materials, and access to relatively cost-effective labor resources.  These factors are also accompanied by favorable governments’ policies of the emerging economies.

Distribution channel for denim clothes includes department stores, exclusive stores, hypermarkets and supermarkets, online stores, and specialty stores. Among these, the most common distribution channel is the specialty stores because they make a variety of brands available to consumers. Additionally, the online channel has emerged as the preferred means of sales for denim vendors, as it provides a wider room for customized denim products and subsequently attains client satisfaction. Benefit of e-commerce is also being leveraged by premium denim designers that has not only paved a way for driving revenue, but also acts as a platform for brand awareness.

The growth of denim market is faced with impediment from the growing preference of yoga pants and the incrementally global recognition of athleisure. However, the leading players in the market are increasingly engaging in collaboration with supply chain consultants to enhance their entire supply chain. Additionally, due to the environmentally hazardous process of producing denim products, the key players are increasingly transitioning to an effective and efficient means of regulating the inclusion of such chemicals. Further, they are also actively engaging in projects, which encourage the recycling of denim products.

Use of polyester in denim products is the key trend in the market. Raymond Ltd. and Arvind Ltd. are observing polyester as one of the best fiber to use as it provides durability and is abrasion-resistant.
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